https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/10 Fri, 24 Apr 2026 23:26:27 GMT 2026-04-24T23:26:27Z https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/877 Screening včelích patogenů a vliv habitatu na zdravotní stav včelstev Mráz, Petr; Hýbl, Marian; Hoštičková, Irena; Čurn, Vladislav Včela medonosná patří mezi nejvýznamnější opylovatele mnoha kulturních plodin i planě rostoucích rostlin po celém světě. Proto jejich stále častější plošné úhyny jsou velmi diskutovaným tématem. Jedním z nejvíce škodlivých činitelů podílejících se na těchto úhynech jsou včelí patogeny. V této souvislosti byl proveden screening nejčastěji se vyskytujících včelích patogenů, včetně houbových (Crithidia mellificae, Lotmaria passim, Nosema ceranae, Nosema apis, Ascosphaera apis), bakteriálních (Melissococcus plutonius, Panibacilus larvae) a virových (DWV, SBV, BQCV, ABPV, SBPV, CBPV) původců onemocnění v závislosti na typu krajiny v České republice. Mezi nejvíce rozšířené patogeny patří L. passim a N. ceranae a to zejména v městských lokalitách. Bakteriální původci onemocnění se vyskytovali v méně než 10% případů a opět nejvíce ve městech. Na druhou stranu virová onemocnění se více vyskytovala na venkově s dominantním zastoupením DWV. Menší zastoupení měli viry ABPV, SBV a BQCV. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/877 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/874 Cup plant, an alternative to conventional silage from a LCA perspective Bernas, Jaroslav; Bernasová, Tereza; Gertsberger, Pedro; Moudrý, Jan; Konvalina, Petr; Moudrý, Jan Purpose The growing awareness of the importance of biodiversity in agroecosystems in increasing and ensuring the supply of biomass has led to heightened interest from governments and farmers in alternative crops. This article assesses one such alternative crop, cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.), in terms of the environmental aspects of cultivation for forage production. Many studies have previously focused on cup plant, but so far, this plant has not been assessed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Materials and methods This study compares the environmental load of cup plant with the most commonly grown silage crops in Central European conditions—maize—and with another common forage crop—lucerne using LCA. The system boundaries include all the processes from cradle to farm gate and both mass-based (1 ton of dry matter) and area-based (1 ha of monoculture) functional units were chosen for the purposes of this study. The results cover the impact categories related to the agricultural LCAs, and the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) characterization model was used for the data expression, by using SimaPro 9.0.0.40 software. Results This study compares the cultivation of cup plant with the most commonly grown silage crop in Central European conditions—maize—and with another common forage crop—lucerne. The paper shows the potential of cup plant to replace conventional silage (maize and lucerne silage mix) with certain environmental savings in selected impact categories, and importantly, while still maintaining the same performance levels in dairy farming as with conventional silage, as already reported in previous publications. For the Czech Republic alone, this would, in practice, mean replacing up to 50,000 ha of silage maize and reducing the environmental load by about tens of percent or more within the various impact categories and years of cultivation. Conclusion Cup plant can replace the yield and quality of silage maize, represents a lower environmental load per unit of production and unit of area and generally carries many other benefits. Thus, cup plant is a recommendable option for dairy farming. Given the recent experience and knowledge of the issue, the cup plant can be considered an effective alternative to conventional silage. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/874 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/876 Using satellite data analysis to determine the effect of land cover on the physical properties of the surface Kuntzman, Jan; null, null; Nedbal, Václav; Brom, Jakub In the last few years, the climate change has become more and more apparent. In this time the Central European region has experienced disruption of the precipitation layout, serious storms, heatwaves and droughts. Primarily the droughts have let people feel the need for stable and predictable environment. This problem has usually been addressed as a global effort to reduce the production of greenhouse gases, omitting the option of adjusting the environment on much smaller scale. For mitigating the effects of global warming, it is important to understand the water and energy cycles on the landscape level. Our aim was to measure and describe how different types of land covers (forest, meadow, wetlands, field with a very sparse vegetation cover) transform the solar energy input into the individual energy fluxes (LE-latent heat, H-sensible heat, G-ground heat). The studied areas lay within a watershed of Bedrichovsky creek located in Novohradske hory, small mountain range on the Czech - Austrian border. For our analysis we used multispectral and thermal images provided by USGS?s Landsat 8 satellite program as well as locally acquired meteorological data from an automatic weather station located nearby the studied area. Due to the highest amount of vegetation (NDVI = 0.83) and surface wetness (NDMI = 0.42), the forest areas were capable of investing the largest portion of solar energy into latent heat (LE = 368.9 Wm-2) compared to field?s LE = 266.9 Wm-2 with NDVI = 0.4 and NDMI = -0.04. This way the forest areas were able to cool themselves most efficiently with the lowest mean surface temperature (Ts = 23.8 °C) where mean surface temperature of the field was more than 5 °C higher (Ts = 29 °C). Thanks to the capability of the forest to retain moisture, it invested only about a third of the solar energy into sensible heat (H = 26.8 Wm-2) compared to the field (H = 83.9 Wm-2). The vegetation cooling effect was followed on meadows and wetlands as well. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/876 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/875 Detection of pesticide in a small agricultural basin after 15 years of application ban Veselá, Tereza; null, null; Nedbal, Václav; Brom, Jakub Intensification of agriculture in order to increase efficiency and economic profitability brings about an increase in the input of foreign substances into the soil and surface water. The outflow of mineral fertilizers and pesticide residues can have a negative effect on organisms in the environment. High doses of fertilizers and pesticides also harm the quality of surface water, which is used for drinking water production. As a part of the research of a small sub-mountain agricultural catchment area, the specific runoff, the outflow of nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-) and the outflow of pesticides were assessed. The catchment (363 ha) is located in the foothill area at an average altitude of 810 m with a mosaic of forests (38 %), meadows (38 %) and arable land (13 %). There were grown corn (23 ha), rape (8 ha) and barley (16 ha) in the observed period. The outflows of the substances were monitored during the vegetation season and during the high-intensity precipitation episode. The stable concentrations (0,24 ?g l-1 on average) of desisopropyl-atrazine (DIA) were found in the analysis of pesticides. The simazine was also detected in one case. DIA is a metabolite of atrazine, simazine or cyanazine. All these active substances used to protect maize have already been banned by European Commission in 2004. The results showed that both monitored pollutants (DIA and N-NO3-) were leaking into surface water from the soil during the entire monitored vegetation season and the precipitation episode. All detected DIA concentrations would exceed the limits for drinking water quality (0.1 ?g l-1) but didn't exceed the local limits for surface water quality. High correlations (R2 = 0.83 to 0.99) of the DIA outflow with the N-NO3- outflow and the specific runoff were found. Both pollutants flow rapidly from the catchment area into the watercourse due to their high solubility with increased precipitation totals. The main message of the work is, that pesticides residues persist in soil for years after cessation of their use and pollute surface waters. Due to the increase in frequency of high precipitation episodes in times of the climate change, the problem is growing. The solution will be a change of agricultural management and an improvement of landscape structure in the sense of better control of surface runoff. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.jcu.cz/handle/20.500.14390/875 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z