Přírodovědecká fakulta

Differential expression of genes in replicative (spiral) and persistent (biofilms) forms of the causative agent of human Lyme borreliosis

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Differential expression of genes in replicative (spiral) and persistent (biofilms) forms of the causative agent of human Lyme borreliosis Vranjes, Sabrina The onset and development of post treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) remains a constant challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme borreliosis (LB). The driving force behind this is the formation of persisters cells, which are able to hide within the host, "invisible" to the immune system and resistant to antibiotic treatment. Thus far, few types of persisters have been found to be formed by the Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete, with biofilms being one of them. Multiple atypical forms of spirochetes often are uneasy to be detected via the average testing methods, leading to many cases being misdiagnosed. Additionally, the formation of biofilms, as a resilient complex community of cells, has not only been observed in case of Lyme disease, but also in other illnesses worldwide. This thesis deals with the analysis of genes differentially expressed in biofilms in comparison to the replicating forms of spirochetes, with aim to better understand the formation of these morphotypes.

Biochemical analysis of Orai1 mutants derived from a cancer database

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Biochemical analysis of Orai1 mutants derived from a cancer database Attar, Bahareh This thesis examines Orai 1 mutants in cancer using chemichulation detection. It studies human-specific mutations and compares them to Drosophila melanogaster mutations. Pymol is used to visualize structural variations. The research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms of Orai 1 in cancer, potentially guiding the development of targeted cancer therapies.The objective of this study involves employing PyMOL, along with pertinent references, to explore the chemiluminescence detection mechanism of membranes featuring the H134A+R91C mutation and the R91C mutation in humans. This investigation extends to a comparative analysis with the closed-channel 4HKS(K163W) mutation observed in Drosophila melanogaster, which shares similarities with the R91W mutation in humans. Additionally, the study encompasses the open- channel 6BBF (H206A) mutation in Drosophila melanogaster, akin to the H134A+R91C mutation in humans. Through these analyses, a deeper understanding of the chemiluminescence properties of these mutations across species can be gained.

Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Techniques with Oversampling to Address Imbalanced Dataset

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Deep Learning and Transfer Learning Techniques with Oversampling to Address Imbalanced Dataset Ranđelović, Teodora The study aims to develop a system for detecting diabetic retinopathy using deep learning. In this study I have explored transfer learning with four distinct models and addressed the issue of an unbalanced dataset with oversampling. The final experiment achieved a significant improvement in accuracy and quadratic kappa score. The study highlights the potential of deep learning and the importance of addressing dataset imbalances for accurate results.

The effect of cutting and fertilization under controlled conditions on photosynthesis and plant growth of two wet grassland species (Carex canescens and Phalaris arundinacea) representative of the competitive and conservative plant functional types

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT

The effect of cutting and fertilization under controlled conditions on photosynthesis and plant growth of two wet grassland species (Carex canescens and Phalaris arundinacea) representative of the competitive and conservative plant functional types Angster, Hanna Wet grasslands play an important role in the preservation of biodiversity and food production, as they serve as habitat of many birds, insects and other plant species and provide food for farm animals. However, climate change is predicted to affect these wetlands significantly. Therefore, it is important to fully understand the mechanisms of such ecosystems. In this thesis, the effect of fertilization and cutting of the plants on net photosynthesis rate, biomass production and chlorophyll fluorescens of plants of two different plant functional types (PFT) was investigated. The grasses C. canescens, a representative of conservative PFT and P. arundinacea, a competitive species, were used to gain a better understanding on how plants of these PFTs respond to changing environmental conditions and management regimes. We will show that the photosynthesis capacity can differ within the same plant species under different management regimes (water and nutrition level). Additionally, we found that midday depression strongly and significantly influences chlorophyll fluorescens in a way that fertilization treatments can be neglected.